Dengan berbasic pengetahuan dasar yang pernah saya pelajari mengenai mikrotik, akhirnya saya mencoba untuk mencari - cari artikel atau tutorial yang bisa dijadikan referensi tetapi banyak beberapa situs yang saya kunjungi tidak bisa memberikan solusi dari permasalahan yang ada.
Akhirnya, saya menemukan halaman yang benar - benar hampir bisa menyelesaikan permasalahan mikrotik dikantor saya. Yaitu pada alamat https://dokter-squid.com/youtube-mikrotik-layer7/ saya menemukan cara untuk membatasi penggunaan upload dan download di mikrotik.
Pada script yang pertama hampir tidak bisa berjalan, oleh karena itu saya mencoba melakukan edit script yang pertama dan juga edit script yang ketiga sehingga script ini akhirnya bisa berjalan dan benar-benar bisa memberikan solusi permasalahan bandwith di kantor saya.
Berikut adalah langkah atau cara untuk membatasi penggunaan upload dan download di Mikrotik:
1.Buka aplikasi Winbox pada laptop atau komputer dan lakukan login dengan mengklik tombol “Connect”, aplikasi winbox ini bisa di download di http://www.mikrotik.com/download, sedangkan untuk artikel ini saya menggunakan versi winbox-v2.2.15.
2.Setelah login berhasil lalu selanjutnya adalah buka dan klik menu “New Terminal”.
3.Pada Terminal, copy dan paste kan script yang sudah saya buat dan edit seperti di bawah ini, script ini akan mengarah ke “Layer 7 Protocols” pada menu IP -> Firewall.
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name=”Youtube” regexp=
”r[0-9]+—[a-z]+-+[a-z0-9-]+.googlevideo.com”
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name=”EXE” regexp=”\\.(exe)”
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name=”RAR” regexp=”\\.(rar)”
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name=”ZIP” regexp=”\\.(zip)”
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name=”7z” regexp=”\\.(7z)”
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name=”CAB” regexp=”\\.(cab)”
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name=”ASF” regexp=”\\.(asf)”
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name=”MOV” regexp=”\\.(mov)”
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name=”WMV” regexp=”\\.(wmv)”
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name=”MPG” regexp=”\\.(mpg)”
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name=”MPEG” regexp=”\\.(mpeg)”
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name=”MKV” regexp=”\\.(mkv)”
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name=”AVI” regexp=”\\.(avi)”
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name=”FLV” regexp=”\\.(flv)”
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name=”WAV” regexp=”\\.(wav)”
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name=”RM” regexp=”\\.(rm)”
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name="MP3" regexp="\\.(mp3)"
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name="MP4" regexp=”\\.(mp4)”
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name=”RAM” regexp=”\\.(ram)”
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name=”RMVB” regexp=”\\.(rmvb)”
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name=”DAT” regexp=”\\.(dat)”
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name=”DAA” regexp=”\\.(daa)”
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name=”ISO” regexp=”\\.(iso)”
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name=”NRG” regexp=”\\.(nrg)”
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name=”BIN” regexp=”\\.(bin)”
/ip firewall layer7-protocol add name=”VCD” regexp=”\\.(vcd)”
4.Kemudian kita buat “mangle” nya dan pada terminal copy dan paste kan lagi script bawah ini, script ini akan mengarah ke “Mangle” pada menu IP -> Firewall.
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”YOUTUBE MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=Youtube new-packet-mark=Youtube passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”EXE MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=EXE new-packet-mark=EXE passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”RAR MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=RAR new-packet-mark=RAR passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”ZIP MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=ZIP new-packet-mark=ZIP passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”7z MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=7z new-packet-mark=7z passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”CAB MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=CAB new-packet-mark=CAB passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”ASF MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=ASF new-packet-mark=ASF passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”MOV MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=MOV new-packet-mark=MOV passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”WMV MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=WMV new-packet-mark=WMV passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”MPG MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=MPG new-packet-mark=MPG passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”MPEG MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=MPEG new-packet-mark=MPEG passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”MKV MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=MKV new-packet-mark=MKV passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”AVI MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=AVI new-packet-mark=AVI passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”FLV MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=FLV new-packet-mark=FLV passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”WAV MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=WAV new-packet-mark=WAV passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”RM MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=RM new-packet-mark=RM passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”MP3 MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=MP3 new-packet-mark=MP3 passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”MP4 MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=MP4 new-packet-mark=MP4 passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”RAM MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=RAM new-packet-mark=RAM passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”RMVB MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=RMVB new-packet-mark=RMVB passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”DAT MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=DAT new-packet-mark=DAT passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”DAA MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=DAA new-packet-mark=DAA passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”ISO MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=ISO new-packet-mark=ISO passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”NRG MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=NRG new-packet-mark=NRG passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”BIN MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=BIN new-packet-mark=BIN passthrough=no
/ip firewall mangle add action=mark-packet \
chain=prerouting comment=”VCD MARK PACKET ” disabled=no \
layer7-protocol=VCD new-packet-mark=VCD passthrough=no
5.Kemudian yang terakhir adalah kita buat script “queue tree” nya agar bisa memonitor semua aktivitas upload dan download yang berjalan dalam jaringan internet. Copy dan pastekan script berikut pada terminal, script ini akan mengarah ke “Queue Tree” pada menu Queues.
/queue tree add name=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” parent=global \
limit-at=0 priority=3 max-limit=512000 burst-limit=\
0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”Youtube” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=Youtube limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”7z” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=7z limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”ASF” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=ASF limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”AVI” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=AVI limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”BIN” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=BIN limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”CAB” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=CAB limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”DAA” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=DAA limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”DAT” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=DAT limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”EXE” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=EXE limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”FLV” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=FLV limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”ISO” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=ISO limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”MKV” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=MKV limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”MOV” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=MOV limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”MP3” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=MP3 limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”MP4” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=MP4 limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”MPEG” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=MPEG limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”MPG” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=MPG limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”NRG” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=NRG limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”RAM” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=RAM limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”RAR” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=RAR limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”RM” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=RM limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”RMVB” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=RMVB limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”VCD” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=VCD limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”WAV” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=WAV limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”WMV” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=WMV limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
/queue tree add name=”ZIP” parent=”LIMIT FILE EXTENTION” \
packet-mark=ZIP limit-at=0 queue=default priority=1 max-limit=\
0 burst-limit=0 burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
6.Selanjutnya adalah kita lakukan pengetesan dari script yang sudah kita copy pastekan tadi, dalam artikel ini saya melakukan testing download file “.exe” pada Internet Download Manager dan maksimal limit yang dibolehkan saya setting dengan ukuran 5M (5Mb). Jika proses download melebihi limit 5Mb maka akan muncul warna merah pada indicator Queue Tree. Dalam hal ini pengetesan untuk download sudah berhasil.
7.Selanjutnya adalah kita lakukan pengetesan untuk streaming video, dalam artikel ini saya gunakan Youtube sebagai pengetesan. Tidak berbeda pada download file “.exe”, pengaturan limit bandwith yang dibolehkan adalah 5M (5mb), jika saat melakukan streaming video melebihi 5Mb maka akan muncul warna merah pada “Queue Tree”. Dalam hal ini pengetesan untuk streaming pada Youtube sudah berhasil.
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